Silat Melayu
Etymology
The root meaning of the word Silat is uncertain and most of the cases relate to every word sound similar. It may come from Elat If that means that someone who confuses, deceives or cliffs. A similar term, ilate means an accident, misfortune or calamity. Another theory is that this is the meaning Silapo evil or error. Some styles include a set of techniques called Langkah Silapo designed to bring the opponent into making a mistake.
The word means Melayu Malaysia and comes from the Sanskrit term Malai Ur can be translated as "Land of mountains, the word used by Indian traders to talk about the Peninsular Malaysia. Silat is sometimes called gayung gayong or in the north of Peninsular Malaysia. Other Regions gayung word refers to spiritual practices in Silat.
History
Beginning
Hang Tuah training with his friends
The first martial skills in the Malay Peninsula have been those of the arid and semi-orangutan (Indian tribes), who would resort to hunting out like spears, machetes, torches and bows and arrows in their raids against enemy tribes. Some tribes were well known warriors and pirates, as IBAN and Tringgus Borneo. indigenous peoples of the peninsula were often replaced by the Deutero-Malays of Sumatra and Borneo and Thailand chamic peoples. These settlers were rice farmers who descended modern Malays. The areas where they are from the very moment that the test at the beginning of Silat. Sumatra is home a large degree of what is Malay culture, especially the Malay language. Cham (Vietnamese Malay) Dong Son is regarded by many archaeologists have created a prototype until Kris 2000 years.
The Malays have established regular contacts with India and China before the first century. Silat was largely influenced by the martial arts of China and India, as evidenced by the fifth century civilization Kedah Bujang Valley is home to a variety of weapons including a Trisul flowers of India. His influence has led to the creation other Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in the region. The largest of these was Funan, an empire based in Cambodia, which ruled the region, including what is now northern Malaysia, Thailand and Laos. Another was Gangga Negara (lit. countries Ganges), which was founded in Beru today by Prince Raja Sarjuna Khmer Ganji. and served as an important port business, before being destroyed by the Chola Raja Rajendran of Tamil Nadu. Today, most Tamil Indians in Malaysia, which affected several South-East Asia through Silambam the martial arts. This fighting style was based on personal and community practiced in the Indian region, where Melaka was founded in 1400. During the 1700 Silambam has become more frequent in the Malay Peninsula in India, where he has been banned by the British government. The staff of bamboo is still one of the weapons silat basic.
In south-central Vietnam Cham Malays have founded their own kingdom of Champa, which remains independent from China, which controls the north of Vietnam. In his refusal to submit, the kingdom of Champa often fought wars against China. Champa commanders known to have been held in high esteem by the king for his knowledge and be highly Malay silat skilled in the art of war, as shown in the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals) which stated that Sultan Muhammad Shah had chosen an official Cham or right hand principal agent as the Chams with skills in the administration of the kingdom.
A variant of Malaysia in the history of Indonesia, explained that the first complete system of Silat was created by a woman carrying a basket of food on the head when birds tried to steal food from him. Leaving aside the birds from all directions all at the same time trying to catch with their hands. He arrived home late and was scolded by her husband who had nothing to eat. He tried to beat the woman, but she avoided all attacks and is completely intact. Her husband was tired and after hearing his explanation for the delay, he asked his wife to tell her what she learned. Together, they create the rudiments of Silat. In the seventh century had already spread throughout the Malay Peninsula. The styles created peninsula now called Silat Seni Silat Melayu or Indonesian Pencak Silat difference. Tradition credits Silat Tua (literally "Old Silat) as the first system of Silat Melayu are based on the peninsula. This border area between Malaysia and Thailand, where it was created is considered to be cultural and to be the "cradle of Malay custom."
King Hang Tuah giving with the rank of Laksamana (Admiral)
Over time, Silat has been refined in the canon of specialized property, Pendekar, and the generals. Kings and princes encourages children to learn silat dignitaries and other forms of knowledge related to the needs of combat. Featured fighters were rows high at the head of troops from the war and received or spills of the Raja. One of the famous 15th century warrior Hang Tuah Melaka. He learned martial arts with four civilians – Hang Jebat, Hang Lekir, Hang Kasturi and Hang Lekiu – two of the time most famous guru silat. In Malaysia today, Hang Tuah is called the "father of Silat" that led to the misconception that has created silat. However, the Hang Tuah is more likely to have been one of the presenters of art and not the author from Silat is known to have been practiced long before the founding of Melaka.
colonial
In the 16th century, the conquerors Portugal Melaka attacked in an attempt to monopolize the spice trade. Malaysian Warriors made Europeans retain the best equipped for various Melaka days before it was finally rejected. The Portuguese were expelled and killed someone with knowledge of martial arts practitioners to have fled to other areas more remote. Even today, the best silat teachers are said to come from regions that have experienced the least contact with strangers. During the next hundred years the Malay archipelago remain under a series of foreign leaders, namely Portuguese, Dutch, and finally the British. The 1600 saw an influx Bugis and Minangkabau, Sumatra and South Sulawesi respectively Melaka. Bugis sailors were particularly famous for their martial prowess and it was feared even by European settlers. In the 18th century, two groups have committed to the Netherlands in a triangular contest for control of the Strait of Malacca. In the 1780's had control of the Johor Bugis and established a kingdom in Selangor. The Minangkabau formed their own federation of nine states called inside Negeri Sembilan. Today many silat schools in Malaysia can trace their Minang lineage directly to the Bugis and settlers from this period.
After Malaysia achieved independence, Tuan Haji Anuar bin Haji Abd. Wahab has been responsible for developing Malaysian Silat national curriculum to be taught to students of primary and secondary schools throughout the country. On March 28, 2002, Seni Silat of Malaysia has been recognized by the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, the Ministry of Education and Pesak that Malaysia's national silat. Since its separation from the palace, silat is not developed in the institution National Defence and returned to the campaign. Now is sent to the community through Bangsal Gelanggang sense of martial arts training institution made by instructors Silat.
Clothing
Silat clothing varies depending on the style and location. The people of the Malay Peninsula, traditionally wore sarongs and carry a roll of cloth could be used as a bag, a blanket or a weapon. The standard dress complete silat practitioners today consists generally as follows:
The tengkolok and headkerchiefs tanjak different ways by state and region link.
The Baju Melayu, which means "Malay clothes" is the male shirt, but is also used by women Silat exponents.
The samping is a loincloth.
The bengkung is a cloth belt or frame that provides samping. Some schools bengkung color to indicate the range, a practice adopted by the system of Japanese martial arts belts.
Training room
In Malaysia, the training area is called Gelanggang. They were usually out of, either in a specially constructed part of the village or in a clearing in the jungle. The area is surrounded by a fence made of palm leaves to prevent foreign to steal secrets. Before training can begin, the Gelanggang must be developed by teachers or senior students in a ritual called "the opening of the training area (Gelanggang Buka). Start with lemons cut in water and then walk through the area while spraying water on the floor. The Guru goes on a template from center toward the right front corner, then on the left front corner. He / she walks back from the center in the right rear corner, around the left rear corner, and finally ends up again in the middle. Otherwise the purpose is to show respect for Gelanggang, and all guests who may be present, never turn your back in the front area. Once done, the teacher is at the heart and recites a prayer that the space is protected with a positive energy. From the center, Guru enters the right front corner and repeat the prayer, keeping his head bowed and hands folded. The right hand is crossed from the left and held in waist level. The Manta is repeated in each corner and in the same pattern as when the water was irrigated. As a sign of humility, Guru has a stooped posture when walking in the area training. After repeating the invocation at the center once again, the teacher sits and meditates. Although most doctors train today in interior Gelanggang modern invocations often replaced by a sentence, this ritual is still performed in one way or another.
Silat pulut
Silat pulut performance
Silat is a pulut sport that uses the agility in attack and defense. In this exercise, the two partners begin to run a certain distance and freestyle movements to try to match each one of the other flows. An attack upon seeing an opening in the defenses of the adversary. Without interfering in the direction of force, then the defender parades and attacks cons. The other partner is stopping and attack. It was with the two partners and outside the contras to attack your opponent with the blockade, attack and other techniques. The contact between the partners usually be preserved but light attacks faster and stronger can be agreed beforehand. In another variant that is also on the chin AN, the initial attack is cut, the defender applies a lock on the attacker. The attack follows the path of the lock and gets out to put a lock on the opponent. The two sides will lock to lock until it is unable to escape or counter.
This game is called silat pulut gayong pulut or because after a performance of each player is equipped with tellurium Bunga and glutinous rice or pulut. pulut Silat is maintained in my free time, performing silat training, formal events, weddings and festivals where he is accompanied by the beat of drums or silat "Silat music Baku.
British settlers introduced training systems through the integration of Western soldiers and police sepoys (Who were local citizens) to manage the defense forces of the nation at that time, was opposed by veterans Malay. Therefore, teachers were silat be careful to leave his art has evolved because the settlers had experience in the fight against Malay warriors. So silat pulut provide an avenue for exhibitors develop their skills, without giving themselves away.
Despite his silat pulut satirist, effectively allows students to learn the moves and their applications without having to teach all the techniques. Couples who practice together frequently change hands, without prejudice to each other, respecting the principle of non-compliance with force with force. What starts as a mapping of alternative movements is usually followed by a series of locks and can complete the field, a trend reflected in modern art Mixed martial.
Arms
Article: Guns silat
Kris / KERIS: A dagger that is often given a separate corrugated folding different types of metals together, after acid washing.
Parang / Golok: Machete / sword, commonly used in daily tasks such as cutting through the forest growth.
Tombak / Lembing: Spear / javelin made of wood, steel or bamboo can be dyed hair, close to the blade.
Tongkat: A stick carried by travelers and the elderly.
Batang / Galah: staff or a stick of bamboo, steel or wood.
Kayu: stick of wood of all sizes.
Gedak: A mass or a club, usually of metal.
Kipas: traditional folding fan preferably of wood or iron.
Pisau / Sundang: A sword or knife, either single or double edge.
Badek / Badik: knife-way which vary in length, 2040 cm.
Selig: sharpened bamboo tree used as a javelin or spear.
Kerambit: A retractable blade curved like claws can be linked in a woman's hair.
Sabit, sickle commonly used in agriculture, harvesting and cultivation.
Serampang / Trisul: Trident originally used for fishing.
Tekpi / Chabang: Three pronged truncheon believed to result from Trident.
Chinda / Samping: sarung usable used to block or defend against attacks blade weapons.
Rantai: string used to beat and capture technical
See also
Silat
Pencak Silat
Kuntao
References
Seni Silat Pendita ^ Dinobatkan Beladiri by Anuar Abd Terbaik. Wahab AMN (SENI BELADIRI p. 42 June 2007, No. 15 (119) P 14369/10/2007)
^ Sejarah Melayu by Ahmad A. Samad
^ Crego, Robert (2003). Sports and games from the 19th century and early 18 PG 32. Greenwood Press
^ Ab Thesis: Seni Silat Melayu by Abd Rahman Ismail (USM 2005 or 188)
Sejarah Melayu by A ^ Samad Ahmad, 1996: Question 75
^ Sheikh Shamsuddin (2005). Malay art of self defense: Gayong Seni Silat. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 1556435622.
^ Draeger and Smith (1969). Asian Art full combat. ISBN 978-0-87011-436-6.
^ Shaikh Awab Zainal Abidin and Nigel Sutton (2006). Silat Tua: Dance Malaysian life. Kuala Lumpur: 9789834232801 ISBN Ghani Azlan Sdn Bhd
Silat Warisan Negara ^ Martabat Keaslian Membina Pesak Budaya Bangsa (2006) [Sejarah Melayu Silat per ton. Hj. Anuar Abd. Wahab]
^ Dewan Bahasa give Pustak Dictionary (Teuku Iskandar 1970)
Silat Warisan Negara AB ^ Martabat, Pesak Membina Keaslian Budaya Bangsa (2006) [Silat by Istilah Anuar Abd. Wahab]
Sejarah Melayu Silat by Anuar Abd. Wahab (2006), "Silat Warisan Negara Martabat, Keaslian Membina Budaya Bangsa" Pesak (2006).
Istilah Silat by Anuar Abd. Wahab (2006), "Martabat Silat Warisan Negara, Membina Keaslian Budaya Bangsa" Pesak (2006).
Seni Silat Terbaik by Dinobatkan Beladiri Pendita Anuar Abd. NMA Wahab (2007) BELADIRI SENI (June 2007)
ITU Sempurna Silat by Anuar Abd Pendita Satu. NMA Wahab (2007) in BELADIRI SENI (September 2007)
Medan Silat aknar and Kapap by Gurpreet Singh Dhillon Bijak. (2008) published in Journal of Military Training
(September 2008)
Further reading
Donn F. Draeger and Robert W. Smith (1980). Comprehensive Asian fighting arts. Kodansha International. ISBN 9780870114366.
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A Study of the differential psychological and physiological effects of a karate workout for two types of karate training … |
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Karate and its development in Hawaii to 1959 ([Theses for the degree of Master of Arts / University of Hawaii) … |
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